2022考研真题：宁波大学2022年006外国语学院考研科目 211翻译硕士英语初试试卷（B卷）考试真题

Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 1 × 20 for Section A, and 1 ×10 for Section B).

Section A:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.  Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. He’s color-blind and can’t ________ between red and green easily.

2. Many tribes became ________ when they came into contact with Western illnesses.

3. He can’t afford the ordinary comforts of life, ________ luxuries.

4. They were on their way to the airport when their van was involved in a ________ with a car.

5. It seems an appropriate time to analyze the effectiveness of the death ________ in reducing the murder rate in the states where it has been applied.

6. If annual economic growth of over 6% is ________, a country that not long ago was a byword for poverty can contemplate reaching middle-income levels in barely a decade.

7. The tragic death of his only son ________ him of all the joys of life.

8. We would support a further cut in interest rates as a ________ to economic growth.

9. In the ________ light, it was hard to tell what his expression was.

10. Like other emerging economies, Brazil fought back by ________ taxes and other restrictions on foreign purchases of local securities.

11. They said the operation had been successful and they expected the patient to ________.

12. He was obliged to ________ when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial scandal.

13. The workers knocked themselves out to fulfil their production ________ ahead of time.

14. The police have ________ witnesses who may be afraid to come forward that they will be guaranteed anonymity.

15. If we had been spotted at that point, I don’t know what ________ to us.

A. would have happened     B. must have happened  

C. should happen           D. must happen

16．The regulator cautions investors not to place undue ________ on the forward-looking statements contained in this press release.

17. He agreed to speak to reporters ________ he was not identified.

18. There is no ________ evidence that suggests widespread mail ballots are missing.

19. New housing developments are ________ all over the state.

20. The company has decided to ________ its operations to include overseas markets.

Section B: There is a passage with ten blanks in this section. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The U. S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is   21   the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

“All children are   22   to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is   23   important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full    24   ” U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. “Despite the excellent work and deep   25   of our nation’s teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will   26   their own creative solutions, but we must work together to   27   our focus on how to better recruit, support and   28    effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.”

Today’s announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a   29   of President Obama’s year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the   30   of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.

Part II. Reading Comprehension  (40 points : 2 × 20)

Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.

All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don’t seek as many management roles— failed to justify this one. These young women didn’t have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.

But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ years on campus.

Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.

As a result, it’s not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling over the dilemmas their grandmothers’ generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy? All their lives, today’s young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion—to pursue science and sports, math and theater—and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.

31. traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ________.

A. they have failed to take as many rigorous courses

B. they do not feel as fit for management roles

C. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home

D. they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities

32. What does the author say about America’s higher education system?

A. It does not offer specific career counseling to women.

B. It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.

C. It does not take care of women students’ special needs.

D. It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.

33. What does the author say about today’s college experience?

A. It is different for male and female students.

B. It is not the same as that of earlier generations.

C. It is more exhausting than most women expect.

D. It is not so satisfying to many American students.

34. What does the author say about women students in college?

A. They have no idea how to bring out their best.

B. They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.

C. They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.

D. They don’t perform as well as they did in high school.

35. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?

A. Women are too worn out to be ambitious.

B. Women are not ready to take management roles.

C. Women are caught between career and family.

D. Women are not good at negotiating salaries.

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they’re bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants’ impact on the economy and the reality?

There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation’s fears and insecurities. There’s some truth to all these explanations, but they aren’t quite sufficient.

To get a better understanding of what’s going on; consider the way immigration’s impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants’ low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers’ savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Boras, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.

Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants’ access to certain benefits.

The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents – the impact isn’t all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,” says Daniel Michener, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.” Too bad most people don’t realize it.

36. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.

B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it’s a different story.

C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.

D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.

37. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?

A. They can access all kinds of public services.

B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices.

C. They can mix with people of different cultures.

D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.

38. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?

A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.

B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.

C. They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.

D. They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.

39. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?

A. It may change the existing social structure.

B. It may pose a threat to their economic status.

C. It may lead to social instability in the country.

D. It may place a great strain on the state budget.

40.  What is the irony about the debate over immigration?

A. Even economists can’t reach a consensus about its impact.

B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.

C. People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.

D. There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.

Among the report’s more outrageous findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”

The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.

“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.

The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.

The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.

Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.

“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.

“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.

The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.

41. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.

A. all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards

B. the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving

C. consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim

D. few products actually prove to be environment friendly

42. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.

A. are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy

B. are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling

C. are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment

D. still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment

43. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.

A. find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards

B. inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy

C. examine claims made by products against ISO standards

D. revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization

44. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?

A. They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.

B. Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.

C. They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.

D. Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.

45. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.

A. make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements

B. see all household products meet environmental standards

C. warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products

D. verify the efforts of non-polluting products

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.

The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.

The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.

But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.

Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.

The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.

Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.

There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.

46. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.

A. shorten the duration of the illness

B. the patient buy medicine over the counter

C. the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs

D. prevent people from catching colds and the flu.

47. We learn from the passage that ________.

A. one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu

B. aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu

C. delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system

D. over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu

48. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________.

A. one should identify the virus which causes it

B. one should consult a doctor as soon as possible

C. one should take medicine upon catching the disease

D. one should remain alert when the disease is spreading

49. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?

A. A stuffy nose.

B. A high temperature.

C. A sore throat.

D. A dry cough.

50. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________.

A. are advised not to give them aspirin

B. should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome

C. are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination

D. should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

Part III. Writing (30 points)

Directions: Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 600 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.

Every industrial revolution has driven a wave of globalization. The first wave was driven by innovations such as the steam engine and the industrial weaving machine; the second by the assembly line, the car and the plane; and the third by the computer and automation. As we enter the fourth wave of globalization, driven by the digital revolution, there is a renewed debate over whether it is a beneficial force or a destructive force. Supporters of globalization argue that it has the potential to make this world a better place to live in and solve some of the deep-seated problems like unemployment and poverty. However, critics of globalization believe that it has made the rich richer while making the poor poorer and led to the incursion of communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19.

What is your opinion?

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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